When it comes to 12-volt (12V) house batteries, choosing the right one can seem a little daunting to those unfamiliar with battery technology. While all 12V battery types provide power for 12V electrical systems, there are notable distinctions in the design, capacity, maintenance needs, and expenses associated with the different options. We’ll discuss the factors you need to consider when determining which 12V battery is right for you!
Just like other types of batteries, 12V batteries utilize cells to produce a chemical reaction that generates an electron flow in a circuit. They do not have the ability to create power on their own but simply store energy for you to use later.
The power that 12V batteries produce is classified as direct current (DC) power. DC power is a linear electrical current used to power many types of electrical devices. While direct current power delivers consistent voltage, alternating current (AC) power, which comes from power outlets, exhibits periodic changes in current. Although AC power is less steady, it can travel much farther due to its wave-like motion and is used by a variety of household appliances. If needed, an inverter can convert DC power into AC power to run these household appliances.
Multiple 12V batteries can be connected in series or in parallel to get either a higher voltage or more storage capacity, depending on the configuration. For example, if connecting two 12V batteries in series, you will create a 24V system. Conversely, connecting the same 12V batteries in parallel will create a 12V system, but it will be able to power the same devices for twice as long as a single 12V battery.
While some 12V batteries are used for starting applications, other 12V batteries are used in RV, van, and marine systems as deep cycle house batteries. The primary chemistries of 12V batteries are lead-acid and lithium-ion.
While lithium-ion is a newer technology, lead-acid batteries have traditionally been used for energy storage in RVs and other applications. Lead-acid batteries are the most basic 12V battery type. They’re made of lead plates suspended in a sulfuric acid solution, which creates a chemical reaction that allows for energy to be stored. There are four main types of lead-acid batteries.
Flooded Lead-Acid batteries are the most common type of lead-acid battery. In order to keep them functioning correctly, it is critical that they maintain the proper water ration. This requires periodic maintenance to monitor the battery and ensure it is operating optimally. Flooded lead-acid batteries generally last 2 to 5 years, depending on use and frequency of maintenance. Their cost can vary widely, but it is typically around $100
Since these are the most common kind of batteries, they’re also the most readily available and cheapest upfront to replace when the time comes. This type of battery also does not have any electronics in it and can produce a large current for a short period. This makes them ideal for starting batteries in vehicle engines.
Because these batteries need a specific amount of fluid in them to operate properly, you’ll need to be comfortable maintaining your battery system every 3-6 months. This can be difficult, depending on where your batteries are located in your RV.
Flooded lead-acid batteries also have the shortest overall lifespan of the main battery types and can be negatively affected by extremely hot or cold temperatures. You must also install them in an upright position, or they will leak water and acid and fail.
